Salmonella detection articles and methods of use

ABSTRACT

An article for detecting Salmonella microorganisms is provided. The article comprises a highly selective nutrient medium and a plurality of indicator systems. A method of using the article to detect Salmonella microorganisms is also provided.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/118,258, filed Nov. 18, 2013, which is a national stage filing under35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT/US2012/037701, filed May 14, 2012, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/488,492, filedMay 20, 2011, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference intheir entirety herein.

BACKGROUND

Salmonella microorganisms are a significant causative agent offood-borne illness. These microorganisms can be found in uncooked meats,vegetables, dairy and processed foods, such as peanut butter. ASalmonella infection can results in symptoms of enterocolitis such asfever, abdominal pain and diarrhea, as well as occasion nausea andvomiting. Large food manufacturing facilities are sources ofcontaminated food products that may be distributed to large numbers ofconsumers, many of who can become infected with the bacteria.

SUMMARY

In general, the invention relates to an article, a system, and a methodfor detecting a microorganism. In particular, the system and method canbe used to detect microorganisms belonging to the genus Salmonella. Theinventive article includes a nutrient medium and a highly selectivecombination of agents that substantially prevent the growth of mostmicroorganisms, while permitting the growth of Salmonellamicroorganisms. The article further includes up to three indicatorsystems, each indicator system serving a unique function to indicate thepossible presence of a Salmonella microorganism. When the inventivearticle indicates the possible presence of a Salmonella microorganism, afourth unique indicator system can be used further to indicate thepresence of a Salmonella microorganism. Advantageously, the system andmethod can be used to indicate the presence of a Salmonellamicroorganism within several hours after the method is initiated.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a culture device fordetecting a target microorganism. The culture device can comprise aselective growth medium that includes nutrients to facilitate the growthof the target microorganism and a plurality of selective agents thatincludes Cefsulodin, Nalidixic Acid, Streptomycin, Methicillin, and bilesalts. The culture device further can comprise a first differentialindicator system and a gelling agent.

In any embodiment, the culture device further can comprise anondifferential indicator system to indicate the presence of the targetmicroorganism. In any of the above embodiments, the first differentialindicator system can comprise a pH indicator. In any of the aboveembodiments, the culture device further can comprise a seconddifferential indicator system to indicate the presence of a nontargetmicroorganism. In any of the above embodiments, the second differentialindicator can comprise a chromogenic β-galactosidase enzyme substrate.In any of the above embodiments, the selective growth medium cancomprise a dry, rehydratable selective growth medium, wherein thegelling agent comprises a dry, cold water-soluble gelling agent. In anyof the above embodiments, the culture device can be a thin film culturedevice.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method ofdetecting a Salmonella microorganism. The method can comprise providinga liquid sample, any of the above culture devices, and a thirddifferential indicator system. The method further can comprisecontacting a predefined volume of the sample, in the culture device,with the selective growth medium; the first indicator system; thenondifferential indicator system, if present; the second indicatorsystem, if present; and the gelling agent to form an inoculated culturedevice. The method further can comprise incubating the inoculatedculture device for a first period of time; observing the growth mediumto detect an indication of a possible presence in the sample of thetarget microorganism; when there is an indication of the possiblepresence of the target microorganism, contacting the third differentialwith the hydrated growth medium; and observing the third differentialindicator system in the hydrated growth medium for an indication of thepresence of the target microorganism.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method ofdetecting Salmonella microorganisms. The method can comprise providing asample, any of the above thin film culture devices, and a thirddifferential indicator system. The method further can comprise, in theculture device, contacting a predefined volume of a Salmonella-freeaqueous liquid with the selective growth medium; the first differentialindicator system; the nondifferential indicator system, if present; thesecond differential indicator system, if present; and the gelling agentto form a hydrated growth medium. The method further can compriseinoculating the hydrated growth medium with the sample to form aninoculated culture device; incubating the inoculated culture device fora first period of time; observing the hydrated growth medium to detectan indication of a possible presence in the sample of the targetmicroorganism; when there is an indication of the possible presence ofthe target microorganism, contacting the third differential with thehydrated growth medium; and observing the third differential indicatorsystem in the hydrated growth medium for an indication of the presenceof the target microorganism.

In any of the above embodiments of the method, detecting an indicationof the possible presence of the target microorganism further cancomprise observing a colony that reacts with the nondifferentialindicator system and the first differential indicator system but doesnot react with the second differential indicator system. In any of theabove embodiments, after contacting the second component with thehydrated growth medium, the method further can comprise incubating theculture device for a second period of time. In any of the aboveembodiments of the method, incubating the inoculated culture device fora first period of time can comprise incubating the inoculated culturedevice for about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours. In any of the aboveembodiments of the method, incubating the inoculated culture device fora second period of time can comprise incubating the inoculated culturedevice for about 30 minutes to about 360 minutes.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a system fordetecting a Salmonella microorganism. The system can comprise a culturedevice comprising a nutrient medium that is highly selective forSalmonella microorganisms and at least two differential indicatorsystems, wherein a first differential indicator system is a positiveindicator of the Salmonella microorganism and a second differentialindicator system is a negative indicator of the Salmonellamicroorganism. The system further can comprise a detection articlecomprising a third differential indicator system, wherein the thirddifferential indicator system is a positive indicator of the Salmonellamicroorganism.

In any embodiment of the system, each of the second and thirddifferential indicator systems can comprise a chromogenic enzymesubstrate, wherein each chromogenic enzyme substrate comprises acarbohydrate component and a chromophore. In any embodiment of thesystem, each of the second and third differential indicator systems cancomprise the same chromophore. In any embodiment of the system, thesecond differential indicator system can comprise a chromogenicindicator of β-galactosidase enzyme activity. In any embodiment of thesystem, the third differential indicator system comprises a chromogenicindicator of α-galactosidase enzyme activity.

The words “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of theinvention that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances.However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same orother circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or morepreferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are notuseful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scopeof the invention.

The term “nondifferential indicator system”, as used herein, refers to ageneral indicator system such as an indicator dye, for example, thatdoes not distinguish different types of microorganisms.

The term “differential indicator system”, as used herein, refers to anindicator system that distinguishes between two or more types ofmicroorganisms. In some embodiments, a differential indicator system maycomprise, for example, a carbohydrate and a pH indicator wherein thesystem can distinguish between microorganisms that ferment thecarbohydrate to acid end products and microorganisms that don't fermentthe carbohydrate to acid end products. In some embodiments, adifferential indicator system can comprise a chromogenic or fluorogenicenzyme substrate wherein the system can distinguish betweenmicroorganisms that comprise an enzyme to react with the enzymesubstrate and microorganisms that don't comprise an enzyme to react withthe enzyme substrate.

The terms “comprises” and variations thereof do not have a limitingmeaning where these terms appear in the description and claims.

As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” areused interchangeably. Thus, for example, a microorganism can beinterpreted to mean “one or more” microorganisms.

The term “and/or” means one or all of the listed elements or acombination of any two or more of the listed elements.

Also herein, the recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints includeall numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2,2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc.).

The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describeeach disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the presentinvention. The description that follows more particularly exemplifiesillustrative embodiments. In several places throughout the application,guidance is provided through lists of examples, which examples can beused in various combinations. In each instance, the recited list servesonly as a representative group and should not be interpreted as anexclusive list.

Additional details of these and other embodiments are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objectsand advantages will become apparent from the description and drawings,and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a culture deviceto detect Salmonella microorganisms according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the culture device of FIG. 1 showing the culturedevice in an “open” position for inoculating the device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Current methods to detect Salmonella microorganisms in food samplesinclude the use of a selective enrichment procedure to increase thenumber and/or concentration of target (Salmonella) microorganisms,relative to the nontarget microorganisms (e.g., non-SalmonellaEnterobacteriaceae: Citrobacter, E. coli,Proteus/Morganella/Providencia, non-Enterobactericeae: Aeromonas, etc.After the enrichment procedure, which typically lasts 16-48 hours, theresulting culture can be tested for the presence of Salmonellamicroorganisms by a variety of techniques that are known in the art suchas, for example, plating techniques, immunodiagnostic techniques (e.g.,ELISA, immunochromatography), and genetic techniques (e.g., PCR, rt-PCR,hybridization techniques). Each of the techniques requires additionaltime to identify the Salmonella microorganisms, require highly-trainedoperators to perform the techniques and/or interpret the results, andoften require costly reagents, devices, and or equipment.

The present disclosure provides a culture device for detectingSalmonella microorganisms. FIG. 1 shows a top perspective view of oneembodiment of a partially-open culture device 110 according to thepresent disclosure. The culture device 110 is similar in construction tothe dry film culture devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,783, whichis incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The culture device 110 comprises a self-supporting water-proof substrate112 and a cover sheet 124. In a closed position, the cover sheet 124lies adjacent the substrate 112.

Substrate 112 is preferably a relatively stiff film of a material suchas polyester, polypropylene or polystyrene which will not absorb orotherwise be affected by water. Polyester films approximately 0.004 to0.007 inch thick, polypropylene films approximately 0.004 to 0.008 inchthick and polystyrene films approximately 0.015 inch thick have beenfound to work well. Other suitable substrates include paper with apolyethylene or other water-proof coating. The substrate 12 may beeither transparent or opaque, depending on whether one wishes to viewbacterial colonies through the substrate. To facilitate the counting ofbacterial colonies, the substrate 12 preferably has a square gridpattern printed thereon.

Substrate 12 is coated on its upper surface with a layer of an adhesive116 which serves to hold the powder 114, which comprises a dry gellingagent and/or nutrients in a uniform monolayer for easy hydration.Adhesive 116 must be water-insoluble and non-inhibitory to the growth ofmicroorganisms. Preferably, the adhesive 116 is sufficiently transparentwhen wet to enable the viewing of bacterial colonies through the filmcoated with the adhesive 116. It is preferred that adhesive 116 bepressure-sensitive. However, heat-activated adhesives wherein a lowermelting substance is coated onto a higher melting substance may also beused.

Water-activated adhesives such as mucilage may also be useful. Adhesive116 should be coated onto substrate 112 in a thickness which ispreferably less than the diameter of the particles of the powderedgelling agent and/or nutrients. The object is to apply enough adhesive116 to adhere the particles to the substrate but not so much that theparticles become completely embedded in the adhesive 116.

A uniform monolayer of powder 114 is desired with sufficient surfacearea exposed for hydration. Generally, an adhesive layer in thethickness range of 0.0002 to 0.0005 inch is suitable. A preferredadhesive 116 is a copolymer of isooctylacrylate/acrylamide (in a moleratio of 94/6). Other pressure sensitive adhesives which may be usedinclude isooctylacrylate/acrylic acid (in a mole ratio of 95/5 or 94/6)and silicone rubber. Adhesives which turn milky upon exposure to waterare less preferred, but may be used in conjunction with anon-transparent substrate or where colony visualization is not required.

A monolayer of cold-water-soluble powder 114 is adhered uniformly toadhesive layer 116. Powder 114 comprises at least one ingredientselected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, one or morenutrients for growing microorganisms, and a mixture of a gelling agentand one or more nutrients for growing microorganisms. As used in thespecification and claims, the term “powder” designates a finely dividedparticulate material having an average diameter of less than 400micrometers. As used in the specification and claims, the term“cold-water-soluble” designates material which forms a solution in waterat room temperature.

The “cold-water-solubility” of the powders employed in the devices ofthe present invention may result, for example, from the inclusion inthese powders of an appropriate gelling agent. Suitable gelling agentsfor inclusion in powder 114 include both natural and synthetic gellingagents which form solutions in water at room temperature. Gelling agentssuch as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide,locust bean gum and algin form solutions in water at room temperatureand are suitable gelling agents for providing powders which are“cold-water-soluble”.

As indicated, powder 114 may comprise only a gelling agent. Where thedevice, as manufactured, contains a powder comprising only gellingagent, the end user adds his own special nutrients “tailored” to thetype of microorganisms he wishes to grow. For example, dry powderednutrients may be suspended in a rapidly-evaporating liquid such asethanol or “Freon”. In other instances, dry powdered nutrients may besuspended or dissolved in aqueous solutions. An aliquot of the liquid isadded to the surface of substrate 112 which has been coated previouslywith adhesive and gelling agent. The liquid is allowed to evaporate,leaving ample nutrients along with the gelling agent.

Where gelling agent is included in powder 114, a sufficient amount ofthe gelling agent is adhered to the substrate 112 so that apredetermined quantity of water or an aqueous sample, e.g., 1-3milliliters, placed on the substrate will form a gel having a viscosityof about 1500 cps or more when measured at 60 rpm with a BrookfieldModel L VF viscometer at 25° C. Gels of this viscosity will allowconvenient handling and stacking and provide distinct colonyidentification. In most cases 0.025 to 0.050 gram of guar gum on asurface area of 3.14 sq. inches will provide a sufficiently viscous gelwhen hydrated with 1-3 milliliters of an aqueous sample. The size of thepowder particles can be used to control the coating weight per unitarea. For example, approximately 100 mesh guar gum coats to a weight ofabout 0.05 grams/2 inch diameter disc; and a 400 mesh guar gum coats toa weight of about 0.025 grams/2 inch diameter disc. If additionalamounts of gelling agent and/or nutrients are required, the cover sheet124 of this embodiment may also be coated, as described herein.

In any embodiment, culture devices of the present disclosure cancomprise a nondifferential indicator such as triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC), for example. In some embodiments, it may be desirable toincorporate a nondifferential indicator system into the powder 114.Alternatively, the nondifferential indicator system (e.g., a dye) may beincorporated in the adhesive 116. Suitable dyes are those which aremetabolized by any growing microorganism, and which cause the coloniesto be colored for easier visualization. Examples of such dyes includetriphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), p-tolyl tetrazolium red,tetrazolium violet, veratryl tetrazolium blue and related dyes.

For some uses it may be desirable to form a medium stiff enough to allowinoculation of microorganisms by streaking. To form streakable medium,it may be desirable to include a small amount of cross-linking agent inpowder 114 where powder 114 includes a gelling agent. For example, withguar gum, cross-linking agents such as potassium tetraborate, aluminumor calcium salts may be added in an amount less than 1.0 percent byweight of powder 114. One must be careful to select a cross-linkingagent which does not substantially affect the growth of the intendedmicroorganism.

Cover sheet 124 is preferably transparent to facilitate visualizationand, optionally, counting of the bacterial colonies and is substantiallyimpermeable to bacteria and water vapor. As used in the specificationand claims, “substantially impermeable to bacteria and moisture vapor”designates cover sheets which prevent undesired contamination of thedehydrated medium during shipping, storage and use of the devices andwhich provide an environment which will support the growth ofmicroorganisms during the incubation period. Generally, the cover sheet124 will have the same properties as substrate 112, but need not be asstiff. A preferred material for cover sheet 124 is a 1.6 milbiaxially-oriented polypropylene film. Cover sheet 124, may be coatedwith an optional layer of adhesive (not shown). In certain preferredembodiments, cover sheet 124 may be adhered to substrate 112 via adouble-sided adhesive tape 126 or a pressure-sensitive adhesive only,for example.

Coated on at least a portion of a surface of the cover sheet 124 is acoating 120 which is substantially water-free and which consistsessentially of a cold-water-reconstitutable material comprising acomponent selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, one ormore selective agents, one or more nutrients for growing microorganisms,a nondifferential indicator system, one or more differential indicatorsystems, and a combination of any two or more of the foregoingcomponents. As used in the specification and claims, the phrase“substantially water-free” designates a coating which has a watercontent no greater than about the water content of the dehydratedcoating once it has been permitted to equilibrate with the ambientenvironment.

The material employed in the coating 120 is cold-water-reconstitutable.As used in the specification and claims, “cold-water-reconstitutable”designates material which forms a solution, sol or gel in water at roomtemperature. Suitable gelling agents for inclusion in the coating ofthis embodiment (if such are contained in the coating) include theabove-described gelling agents which form solutions in water at roomtemperatures. In addition, it has been found that agar, after it hasbeen dissolved in boiling water and deposited as a coating, is amaterial which is “cold-water-reconstitutable”.

A preferred coating mixture is prepared by mixing the followingingredients:

Proteose Peptone No. 3 50 grams Porcine Peptone 14 grams Yeast Extract 6grams Sodium chloride 10 grams MOPS acid 3.2 grams MOPS sodium salt 5.2grams Phenol red 1.0 grams Bile Salts No. 3 2.0 grams5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 0.8 grams Guar 13 gramsDeionized Water 1 Liter

It will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art that theabove mixture includes at least two selective agents (e.g., sodiumchloride and bile salts No. 3). It further will be appreciated by aperson of ordinary skill in the art that the above mixture includes atleast two components (e.g., phenol red and5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) that can function as adifferential indicator or a portion of a differential indicator system.For example, phenol red can be used in a formulation with ametabolizable compound (e.g., 2-deoxy-D-ribose or urea) to form adifferential indicator system to indicate the presence of amicroorganism such as a Salmonella microorganism, for example.Salmonella microorganisms can ferment 2-deoxy-D-ribose to acidbyproducts, thereby producing an acid zone that can be visually detectedin the presence of a pH indicator. Salmonella microorganisms further canreact with 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranoside to formblack-colored colonies. Non-Salmonella microorganisms (e.g., coliformmicroorganisms) can react with5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, formingblue-green-colored colonies. Surprisingly, even though theaforementioned chromogenic enzyme substrates both comprise the samechromophor (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-), in the inventive article ofthe present disclosure, they are hydrolyzed by the microorganisms toproduce visually-distinct colored products. The indicator systems may beincorporated into the culture device in an adhesive layer, a powderlayer, and/or a dry, rehydratable coating.

In addition to the selective ingredients listed in the above mixture,the coating mixture can further comprise a highly-selective combinationof antibiotics that permit the growth of Salmonella microorganisms,while substantially preventing the growth of a variety of other (e.g.,“nontarget”) microorganisms. A nonlimiting example of such a combinationincludes a mixture of Cefsulodin sodium salt (about 12 mg/L), NalidixicAcid sodium salt (about 4 mg/L), Streptomycin sulfate salt (about 4mg/L), and methicillin sodium salt (about 45 mg/L),

Referring back to FIG. 1, the cover sheet 124 includes a spacer element118 applied to the surface of cover sheet 124 that faces the substrate112. The spacer element 118 includes a circular hole 122 cut through thecenter to expose the dry, rehydratable coating 120 on the cover sheet124. The walls of the hole 122 provide a well of predetermined size andshape to confine the medium following hydration. Spacer element 118should be thick enough to form a well of the desired volume, e.g., 1, 2or 3 milliliter. Closed cell polyethylene foam or polystyrene foam arepreferred materials for spacer element 118, but any material which ishydrophobic (non-wetting), inert to microorganisms, and capable ofwithstanding sterilization may be used.

Also shown in FIG. 1 is a perforation 126 traversing the cover sheet124. The perforation 126 facilitates opening the culture device 110 and,in some embodiments, can hold the culture device 110 open, as shown inFIG. 2.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of an open culture device 110 of the presentdisclosure. Shown in FIG. 2 are the substrate 112, cover sheet 124,spacer element 118, hole 122, and perforation 126. In this position, aliquid sample (not shown) can be placed onto the substrate 112 or in thewell formed by the spacer element 118 to inoculate the plate.

A thin film culture device of the present disclosure can be used to testa sample for the presence of a Salmonella microorganism. Samplematerials include sample materials that are suspected of containing aSalmonella microorganism. The sample material may be a liquid, a solid,a solid suspended or dispersed in a liquid, a hydrogel. In any of theembodiments, the sample may comprise microorganisms and/or materials(e.g., food, beverages) that have been subjected to one or more samplepreparation techniques including but not limited to concentration (e.g.,by filtration, precipitation, agglomeration, centrifugation, absorption,and/or adsorption), enrichment (e.g., selective growth enrichment), andpurification (e.g., chromatographic purification).

In one embodiment, a predefined volume of liquid sample can be contactedwith the coating on the cover sheet and the powder on the substrate tohydrate the culture device and form an inoculated culture device. In analternative embodiment, water-reconstitutable coatings of the culturedevice may be hydrated with an aqueous liquid (e.g., sterile water) andthe sample can be applied (e.g., by pipette, swab, loop), optionallyusing the streak-plate technique, to the hydrated culture device.Preferably, a coating in the culture device comprises a first indicatorsystem (e.g., 2-deoxy-D-ribose and a pH indicator such as phenol red), anondifferential indicator system (e.g., TTC), and a second indicatorsystem (e.g., 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside,“X-gal”). Optionally, the culture device may comprise an inducer for amicrobial activity associated with one or more of the indicator systemssuch as isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside, an inducer of β-galactosidaseenzyme activity. Another differential indicator system used to indicatethe presence of a Salmonella microorganism comprises urea and a pHindicator such as phenol red, for example.

After inoculating the culture device, the culture device can beincubated for a period of time to facilitate the growth of Salmonellamicroorganisms. A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize theoptimum temperature to facilitate the growth of Salmonella. The culturedevice can be incubated for about 0.5 to about 48 hours, preferablyabout 0.5 to about 24 hours, more preferably, about 0.5 hours to about 6hours.

After the incubation period, the inoculated culture medium can beobserved for an indication of a possible presence of a Salmonellamicroorganism. One indication is the appearance of red colonies due tothe formation of formazan dye from TTC. Even further, an acid zonesurrounding a red colony indicates the bacteria in the colony fermented2-deoxy-D-ribose to acid byproducts, a reaction that can indicate thecolony comprises Salmonella microorganisms. If the colony has ablue-green-colored zone associated with a reaction with X-gal, thisindicates that the colony is probably not a Salmonella microorganism.

The presence of red colonies surrounded by an acid zone (e.g., a yellowzone when the pH indicator is phenol red) suggests the presence of aSalmonella microorganism in the culture device. This presumptive resultcan be further supported by contacting another differential indicator(e.g., 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranoside) with thecolony. In some embodiments, this can be done by opening the plate andapplying a solution of 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranosideto the growth medium. Alternatively, this can be done by opening theplate and applying a dry, rehydratable article comprising a coating thatincludes 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranoside. The articlecan be made as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,682, which isincorporated by reference in its entirety. The5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranoside is contacted with thegrowth zone of the culture device for a period of time such as, forexample about 30 minutes to about 360 minutes. Optionally, the contactcan occur at an elevated temperature (e.g., 37° C.).

After contacting the 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranosidewith the growth medium, the culture device can be observed for a verydark (e.g., nearly black) color associated with the colonies. Any redcolony associated with an acid zone and a very dark (e.g., nearly black)color from the hydrolysis of5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-α-D-galactopyranoside is very likely aSalmonella microorganism.

EMBODIMENTS

Embodiment 1 is a culture device for detecting a target microorganism,comprising:

a selective growth medium that includes nutrients to facilitate thegrowth of the target microorganism and a plurality of selective agentsthat includes Cefsulodin, Nalidixic Acid, Streptomycin, Methicillin, andbile salts;

a first differential indicator system; and

a gelling agent.

Embodiment 2 is the culture device of embodiment 1, further comprising anondifferential indicator system to indicate the presence of the targetmicroorganism.

Embodiment 3 is the culture device of any one of the precedingembodiments, wherein the first differential indicator system comprises apH indicator.

Embodiment 4 is the culture device of any one of the precedingembodiments, further comprising a second differential indicator systemto indicate the presence of a nontarget microorganism.

Embodiment 5 is the culture device of embodiment 4, wherein the seconddifferential indicator comprises a chromogenic β-galactosidase enzymesubstrate.

Embodiment 6 is the culture device of embodiment 4 or embodiment 5,further comprising an inducer of microbial β-galactosidase enzymeactivity.

Embodiment 7 is the culture device of any one of the precedingembodiments, wherein the selective growth medium comprises a dry,rehydratable selective growth medium, wherein the gelling agentcomprises a dry, cold water-soluble gelling agent.

Embodiment 8 is the culture device of embodiment 7, wherein the culturedevice comprises a thin film culture device.

Embodiment 9 is a system for the detecting a Salmonella microorganism,comprising:

a culture device comprising a nutrient medium that is highly selectivefor Salmonella microorganisms and at least two differential indicatorsystems, wherein a first differential indicator system is a positiveindicator of the Salmonella microorganism, wherein a second differentialindicator system is a negative indicator of the Salmonellamicroorganism; and

a detection article comprising a third differential indicator system,wherein the third differential indicator system is a positive indicatorof the Salmonella microorganism.

Embodiment 10 is the system of embodiment 9, wherein each of the secondand third differential indicator systems comprises a chromogenic enzymesubstrate, wherein each chromogenic enzyme substrate comprises acarbohydrate component and a chromophore.

Embodiment 11 is the system of embodiment 10, wherein each of the secondand third differential indicator systems comprises the same chromophore.

Embodiment 12 is the system of any one of embodiments 9 through 11,wherein the second differential indicator system comprises a chromogenicindicator of β-galactosidase enzyme activity.

Embodiment 13 is the system of any one of embodiments 9 through 11,wherein the third differential indicator system comprises a chromogenicindicator of α-galactosidase enzyme activity.

Embodiment 14 is a method of detecting Salmonella microorganisms,comprising:

providing a liquid sample, the culture device of any one of embodiments1 through 8, and a third differential indicator system;

contacting a predefined volume of the sample, in the culture device,with the selective growth medium; the first indicator system; thenondifferential indicator system, if present; the second indicatorsystem, if present; and the gelling agent to form an inoculated culturedevice;

incubating the inoculated culture device for a first period of time;

observing the inoculated growth medium to detect an indication of apossible presence in the sample of the target microorganism;

when there is an indication of the possible presence of the targetmicroorganism, contacting the third differential with the hydratedgrowth medium; and

observing the third differential indicator system in the hydrated growthmedium for an indication of the presence of the target microorganism.

Embodiment 15 is a method of detecting Salmonella microorganisms,comprising:

providing a sample, the culture device of embodiment 8, and a thirddifferential indicator system;

in the culture device, contacting a predefined volume of aSalmonella-free aqueous liquid with the selective growth medium; thefirst differential indicator system; the nondifferential indicatorsystem, if present; the second differential indicator system, ifpresent; and the gelling agent to form a hydrated growth medium;

inoculating the hydrated growth medium with the sample to form aninoculated culture device;

incubating the inoculated culture device for a first period of time;

observing the hydrated growth medium to detect an indication of apossible presence in the sample of the target microorganism;

when there is an indication of the possible presence of the targetmicroorganism, contacting the third differential with the hydratedgrowth medium; and

observing the third differential indicator system in the hydrated growthmedium for an indication of the presence of the target microorganism.

Embodiment 16 is the method of embodiment 14 or embodiment 15, whereindetecting an indication of the possible presence of the targetmicroorganism further comprises observing a colony that reacts with thenondifferential indicator system and the first differential indicatorsystem but does not react with the second differential indicator system.

Embodiment 17 is the method of any one of embodiments 14 through 16wherein, after contacting the second component with the hydrated growthmedium, the method further comprises incubating the culture device for asecond period of time.

Embodiment 18 is the method of any one of embodiments 14 through 17,wherein incubating the inoculated culture device for a first period oftime comprises incubating the inoculated culture device for about 0.5hours to about 24 hours.

Embodiment 19 is the method of embodiment 18, wherein incubating theinoculated culture device for a first period of time comprisesincubating the inoculated culture device for about 0.5 hours to about 6hours.

Embodiment 20 is the method of any one of embodiments 14 through 19,wherein incubating the inoculated culture device for a second period oftime comprises incubating the inoculated culture device for about 30minutes to about 360 minutes.

EXAMPLES

The present invention should not be considered limited to the particularexamples described below, but rather should be understood to cover allaspects of the invention as fairly set out in the attached claims.Various modifications, equivalent processes, as well as numerousstructures to which the present invention may be applicable will bereadily apparent to those of skill in the art to which the presentinvention is directed upon review of the instant specification. Unlessotherwise stated, all percentages and parts are by weight. Materials,unless otherwise stated are commercially available from AlphaBiosciences, Baltimore, Md.

Materials

Example 1. Preparation of a Salmonella Detection Article

A base member for a thin film culture plate was prepared according toExample 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,838 except that the adhesive was coatedonto a waterproof polyethylene coated paper having a 0.5 inch squaregrid lines on it. A powder composition was prepared by have mixing 2parts by weight of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2DR) and 98 parts of guar gum (M150guar MEYPROGAT gum, Meyhall Chemical AG). A small of amount (less than0.5%) of silica (CAB-O-SIL silica, Cabot Corp., Boston Mass.) was addedas needed for processing. The powder mixture was then sprinkled onto theadhesive coated paper, and tilted and tapped lightly to remove theexcess powder.

A broth mixture was prepared by adding the materials listed in Table 1to 1 liter of deionized water in a container, and mixed according to themethod described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,682.

TABLE 1 Amount - Material Grams Proteose peptone No. 3 50 Porcinepeptone 14 Yeast extract 6 Sodium chloride 10 MOPS, acid(3-[N-morpholino]propanesulfonic acid) 3.2 MOPS, sodium salt 5.2 Phenolred, sodium salt 1.0 Bile salts No. 3 2.0*5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 0.8 Guar 13 *fromBiosynth AG, Switzerland

A selective agent mixture was prepared by adding 12 mg of Cefsulodinsodium salt (Research Products International, Chicago, Ill.), 4 mg ofNalidixic Acid sodium salt (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis Mo.), 4 mg ofStreptomycin sulfate salt (Sigma), 45 mg of methicillin sodium salt(Sigma), 0.4 mg of Isopropyl-B-D-galactopyranoside (Sigma), and 2 g ofurea (EMD), to 20 ml of sterile deionized water, and swirled in a glassflask until completely dissolved. The broth was cooled to about 40° C.and the selective mixture was added with vigorous mixing.

A cover film and thin film culture plates were prepared as described inExample VI U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,682 except the selective broth was coatedonto the corona-treated side of a 2.9 mil thick polyester film for thecover film. The plates measured approximately 7.6 cm by 10.2 cm with a 5cm diameter circle cut from the foam to provide a well in about thecenter of the plate.

Example 2. Method of Detecting Salmonella Microorganisms

A pure culture of Salmonella bacteria (3M Culture Designation FSDCCSAL140 that was isolated from a meat mixture) was inoculated intoBuffered Peptone Water (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and incubatedovernight at 37° C. The resulting broth had a concentration ofapproximately 1×10⁹ colony forming units/ml (cfu/ml). The broth wasdiluted in sterile Buffered Peptone Water to a final concentration ofapproximately 1×10⁶ cfu/ml.

The thin film culture plate of Example 1 was prepared for streaking byadding 1.5 mL of Butterfield's Buffer to about the middle of theposition of the well on the powder coating. The cover film was closedand the gel was allowed to hydrate for about one hour. When the coverfilm was opened, the broth coating had transferred to the gel surface. A10 microliter loop of the final concentration was streaked onto thebroth surface on the gel. The cover was closed and the plate wasincubated overnight at 37 C. Plates were analyzed for colony counts. Reddots indicating colonies were apparent.

Example 3. Using an Indicator Article to Detect SalmonellaMicroorganisms

A disk described in Examples 1 and 2 of U.S. Patent Application No.61/428,722, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety,is placed on top of the colonies and the disk is incubated at 3T C. Thedisk is examined for growth after 3, 4 and 5 hours.

The complete disclosure of all patents, patent applications, andpublications, and electronically available material cited herein areincorporated by reference. In the event that any inconsistency existsbetween the disclosure of the present application and the disclosure(s)of any document incorporated herein by reference, the disclosure of thepresent application shall govern. The foregoing detailed description andexamples have been given for clarity of understanding only. Nounnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom. The invention isnot limited to the exact details shown and described, for variationsobvious to one skilled in the art will be included within the inventiondefined by the claims.

All headings are for the convenience of the reader and should not beused to limit the meaning of the text that follows the heading, unlessso specified. Various modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention. These and other embodiments arewithin the scope of the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A culture device for detecting a targetmicroorganism, comprising: a selective growth medium that includesnutrients to facilitate the growth of the target microorganism,Cefsulodin, Nalidixic Acid, Streptomycin, Methicillin, and bile salts; afirst differential indicator system; and a gelling agent; and furthercomprising a nondifferential indicator system to indicate the presenceof the target organism.
 2. The culture device of claim 1, wherein thefirst differential indicator system comprises a pH indicator.
 3. Theculture device of claim 1, further comprising a second differentialindicator system to indicate the presence of a nontarget microorganism.4. The culture device of claim 3, wherein the second differentialindicator comprises a chromogenic β-galactosidase enzyme substrate. 5.The culture device of claim 1, wherein the selective growth mediumcomprises a dry, rehydratable selective growth medium, wherein thegelling agent comprises a dry, cold water-soluble gelling agent.
 6. Theculture device of claim 5, wherein the culture device comprises a thinfilm culture device.
 7. The culture device of claim 1, wherein theculture device further comprises a third differential indicator system.8. The culture device of claim 3, wherein the culture device furthercomprises a third differential indicator system.
 9. A method of usingthe culture device of claim 1, comprising contacting the culture devicewith liquid sample to form an inoculated culture device.
 10. The methodof claim 9, further comprising incubating the inoculated culture devicefor a first period of time.
 11. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising observing the growth medium for an indication of a possiblepresence of a target microorganism in the sample.
 12. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising contacting the growth medium with a seconddifferential indicator system.
 13. The method of claim 12, furthercomprising contacting the growth medium with a third differentialindicator system.
 14. The method of claim 13, further comprisingdetecting the presence of a target microorganism in the sample, whereinthe target microorganism is Salmonella.
 15. A method of using theculture device of claim 3, comprising contacting the culture device withliquid sample to form an inoculated culture device.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, further comprising incubating the inoculated culture devicefor a first period of time.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising observing the growth medium for an indication of a possiblepresence of a target microorganism in the sample.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, further comprising contacting the growth medium with a thirddifferential indicator system.
 19. The method of claim 18, furthercomprising detecting the presence of a target microorganism in thesample, wherein the target microorganism is Salmonella.
 20. The methodof claim 15, further comprising detecting the presence of a targetmicroorganism in the sample, wherein the target microorganism isSalmonella.